The main obstacle that the world faces today is the need for energy supply from sustainable sources. The traditional source of energy, fossil fuels, has detrimental effects on the environment and our high dependence has led to excessive carbon emission (51 gigatons carbon dioxyde annually) and harmful impacts, such as harsh climate changes. There is an urgent need for alternative sources of energy generation.

Hydrogen is one of the cleanest and most sustainable carriers of energy with a net calorific value of (119.9 kJ/g), much higher than other fuels like coal (29.0 kJ/g), petroleum (43.4 kJ/g), ethanol (26.7 kJ/g). Meanwhile, the burning of hydrogen leads to the production of water. Thus, hydrogen will play a critical role in decarbonization strategies for the future.